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China was a global scientific and technological leader up until the early years of the Ming dynasty.Ancient and medieval Chinese discoveries and Chinese innovations such as papermaking, printing, the compass, and gunpowder (the Four Great Inventions) contributed to the economic development of ancient and medieval East Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
The environment of China (Chinese: 中国的环境) comprises diverse biotas, climates, and geologies. Rapid industrialization , population growth, and lax environmental oversight have caused many environmental issues and large-scale pollution.
The China Association of Science and Technology was an umbrella organization: in 1986 it comprised 139 national scientific societies organized by discipline and 1.9 million individual members. It succeeded earlier scientific associations that had been founded in 1910–20. The China Association of Science and Technology served three major purposes.
In the past, among Asian civilizations considered particularly notable for their contributions to science and technology were India, China and the West Asian civilizations. [2] Countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are recently known for technology, while China and India are also major contributors to science and technology. Other ...
In March 1986, China launched a large-scale technology development plan, the 863 Project. [107]: 88 As the People's Republic of China becomes better connected to the global economy, the government has placed more emphasis on science and technology. This has led to increases in funding, improved scientific structure, and more money for research.
Throughout the 1950s, China gradually restructured its industries under state ownership. [1]: 7 China's state-led industrialization in the early 1950s was heavily influenced by the Soviet experience. [2]: 154 During China's First Five-Year Period (1953–1957), industrial development was the primary goal.
China is the biggest producer of wheat and rice in the world. It is in the second place in maize production. [31] [32] Desertification Control Project, Ningxia China. China is home to 17,300 species of plants and animals: 667 vertebrates, ancient flora and fauna. Due to rising global temperatures, within the next century 20-30% of species will ...
The main reason for the wrong direction of the national energy development strategy is that the Ministry of Science and Technology of China incorrectly estimated the modern per capita living energy consumption. In the context of high tech development, China's per capita living energy consumption is on average 50% higher than a decade ago. [17]