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Flap surgery is a technique essential to plastic and reconstructive surgery. A flap is defined as tissue that can be moved to another site and has its own blood supply. This is in comparison to a skin graft which does not have its own blood supply and relies on vascularization from the recipient site. [2]
The surgery is generally performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the upper leg, and a graft either man-made or the patient's vein is sewn to both ends of the artery. [20] The graft reroutes the blood flow around the blocked artery, allowing for adequate supply back to the parts of the leg.
Gastrocnemius flap: Muscle: Interpolation: Open tibial fractures: Hatchett design flap: Cutaneous: Advancement: Forehead excisions/defects Inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flap [4] Cutaneous: Free flap: Free flap breast reconstruction: Karapandzic flap: Cutaneous: Rotation: Full-thickness lip defects Latissimus flap: Musculocutaneous ...
Perforator flap surgery is a technique used in reconstructive surgery where skin and/or subcutaneous fat are removed from a distant or adjacent part of the body to reconstruct the excised part. [1] The vessels that supply blood to the flap are isolated perforator(s) derived from a deep vascular system through the underlying muscle or ...
A rotation flap is a semicircular skin flap that is rotated into the defect on a fulcrum point. Rotation flaps provide the ability to mobilize large areas of tissue with a wide vascular base for reconstruction. The flap must be adequately large, and a large base is necessary if a back-cut will be needed to lengthen the flap.
Various types of tissue may be transferred as a "free flap" including skin and fat, muscle, nerve, bone, cartilage (or any combination of these), lymph nodes and intestinal segments. An example of "free flap" could be a "free toe transfer" in which the great toe or the second toe is transferred to the hand to reconstruct a thumb.
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Older children's bones do not conform as easily to the bar, thus increasing the risk of bar displacement, so the wire attaching the bar directly to the sternum may help avoid a second surgery to correct bar displacement. Eventually, the bar is secured with muscle tissue that regrows during the recovery time.