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Bundling is the setting of the total price of a purchase of several products or services from one seller at a lower level than the sum of the prices of the products or services purchased separately from several sellers. Typically, one of the bundled items (the "primary product") is available only from the seller engaging in the bundling, while ...
The authors conclude that bundling practices are so diverse that it is difficult to generalize whether a given bundling practice is harmful, but the "type of multi-product bundling most likely to cause harm is that which was at issue in LePage's, where the defendant offered evidently custom-made bundles to different large customers in order to ...
SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly and Co., 575 F.2d 1056 (3d Cir. 1978), is a 1978 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit that first considered the price-discounting practice now termed bundling. [1]
Microsoft has violated European Union antitrust laws by bundling Teams with its other popular applications for businesses, EU officials said Tuesday, marking the bloc’s latest challenge to a US ...
Bundling in political economy is a type of product bundling in which the "product" is a candidate in an election who markets his or her bundle of attributes and political positions to the voters. For example, a political candidate may market herself as a centrist candidate by ensuring she/he has centrist social, economic, and law enforcement ...
Tying (informally, product tying) is the practice of selling one product or service as a mandatory addition to the purchase of a different product or service.In legal terms, a tying sale makes the sale of one good (the tying good) to the de facto customer (or de jure customer) conditional on the purchase of a second distinctive good (the tied good).
The Robinson–Patman Act (RPA) of 1936 (or Anti-Price Discrimination Act, Pub. L. No. 74-692, 49 Stat. 1526 (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 13)) is a United States federal law that prohibits anticompetitive practices by producers, specifically price discrimination.
It is also known as antitrust law (or just antitrust [4]), anti-monopoly law, [1] and trade practices law; the act of pushing for antitrust measures or attacking monopolistic companies (known as trusts) is commonly known as trust busting. [5] The history of competition law reaches back to the Roman Empire.