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Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrosis, or inflammatory cell death. [1] Conventionally, necrosis is associated with unprogrammed cell death resulting from cellular damage or infiltration by pathogens, in contrast to orderly, programmed cell death via apoptosis .
74568 Ensembl ENSG00000168404 ENSMUSG00000012519 UniProt Q8NB16 Q9D2Y4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001142497 NM_152649 NM_029005 NM_001310613 RefSeq (protein) NP_001135969 NP_689862 NP_001297542 NP_083281 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 74.67 – 74.7 Mb Chr 8: 112.04 – 112.06 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) is a protein that in ...
For example, FAS, TNFR1 and pattern recognition receptors may initiate necroptosis. These activation inducers converge on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL). Sequential activation of these proteins leads to membrane permeabilization. [2] [1]
It is a component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-I signaling complex, and can induce necroptosis by interaction with RIPK1 and MLKL in a protein complex termed the necrosome. [7] Interactions between RIPK1 and RIPK3 also form a necrosome, which triggers apoptosis. [9] The red highlighted region of RIPK3 represents the Protein ...
RIPK1 protein is composed of 671 amino acids, and has a molecular weight of about 76 kDa. It contains a serine/threonine kinase domain (KD) in the 300 aa N-Terminus, a death domain (DD) in the 112 aa C-Terminus, and a central region between the KD and DD called intermediate domain (ID).
Cells undergo cell death via three main mechanisms: necroptosis via RIPK1, FADD, RIPK3, and MLKL, ferroptosis via GPX4 suppression, system Xc suppression, and NAPDH loss, as well as apoptosis via RIPK1 and caspase 8.
It is unknown why this form of caspase 8 does not cause cell death. The disabling of this checkpoint, via inactivation of caspase 8, causes RIPK1 from complex IIb to bind to RIPK3 and MLKL, forming complex IIc, also referred to as the necrosome. The necrosome then causes necroptosis. [6]
Apart from apoptosis, Wang also discovered the necroptosis pathway, which is the programmed form of necrosis and another way that a cell kills itself. He established the role of RIPK3 and the MLKL protein in necroptosis. [20]