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A texture map[ 5 ][ 6 ] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [ 7 ] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture. They may be stored in common image file formats, referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions, and assembled into resource bundles.
Mipmap. In computer graphics, mipmaps (also MIP maps) or pyramids[1][2][3] are pre-calculated, optimized sequences of images, each of which is a progressively lower resolution representation of the previous. The height and width of each image, or level, in the mipmap is a factor of two smaller than the previous level.
Normal mapping. Normal mapping used to re-detail simplified meshes. Normal map (a) is baked from 78,642 triangle model (b) onto 768 triangle model (c). This results in a render of the 768 triangle model, (d). In 3D computer graphics, normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a texture mapping technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and ...
In computer graphics, cube mapping is a method of environment mapping that uses the six faces of a cube as the map shape. The environment is projected onto the sides of a cube and stored as six square textures, or unfolded into six regions of a single texture. The cube map is generated by first rendering the scene six times from a viewpoint ...
Terrain cartography. USGS topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines at 20-foot intervals. Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as ...
In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. [1][2][3] In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. [4][5] Projection ...
Texel (graphics) In computer graphics, a texel, texture element, or texture pixel is the fundamental unit of a texture map. [1] Textures are represented by arrays of texels representing the texture space, just as other images are represented by arrays of pixels. Texels can also be described by image regions that are obtained through simple ...
In computer graphics, relief mapping is a texture mapping technique first introduced in 2000 [1] used to render the surface details of three-dimensional objects accurately and efficiently. [2] It can produce accurate depictions of self-occlusion, self-shadowing, and parallax. [3] It is a form of short-distance ray tracing done in a pixel shader.