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Pie chart of populations of English native speakers. A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area) is proportional to the quantity it represents.
PSPP is a free software application for analysis of sampled data, intended as a free alternative for IBM SPSS Statistics. It has a graphical user interface [2] and conventional command-line interface. It is written in C and uses GNU Scientific Library for its mathematical routines. The name has "no official acronymic expansion". [3]
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century.
If a chart plots 10 colors or fewer, then by default it uses every other one: The colors can be manually set in a graph by adding them to the 'colors' parameter. For example, for two pie charts, the first of which is default and the second of which omits some colors in the first, you would manually enter your selections from the default 20:
The usage of percentages as labels on a pie chart can be misleading when the sample size is small. [8] Making a pie chart 3D or adding a slant will make interpretation difficult due to distorted effect of perspective. [9] Bar-charted pie graphs in which the height of the slices is varied may confuse the reader. [9]
Example of a pie chart, along with a bar plot showing the same data and indicating that the pie chart is not the best possible chart for this particular dataset. The graphic was created by User:Schutz for Wikipedia on 28 August 2007 using the R statistical project. The program that generated the graphic is given below.
Ooms, Marius (2009). "Trends in Applied Econometrics Software Development 1985–2008: An Analysis of Journal of Applied Econometrics Research Articles, Software Reviews, Data and Code". Palgrave Handbook of Econometrics. Vol. 2: Applied Econometrics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1321– 1348. ISBN 978-1-4039-1800-0. Renfro, Charles G. (2004).
Data visualization uses information displays (graphics such as, tables and charts) to help communicate key messages contained in the data. [46] Tables are a valuable tool by enabling the ability of a user to query and focus on specific numbers; while charts (e.g., bar charts or line charts), may help explain the quantitative messages contained ...