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  2. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    A punched card is a flexible write-once medium that encodes data, most commonly 80 characters. Groups or "decks" of cards form programs and collections of data. The term is often used interchangeably with punch card, the difference being that an unused card is a "punch card," but once information had been encoded by punching holes in the card ...

  3. Punched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

    A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card[1] or punched-card[2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines. Punched cards were widely used in the 20th century, where unit ...

  4. Automatic Computing Engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Computing_Engine

    The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was a British early electronic serial stored-program computer design by Alan Turing. Turing completed the ambitious design in late 1945, having had experience in the years prior with the secret Colossus computer at Bletchley Park. The ACE was not built, but a smaller version, the Pilot ACE, was constructed ...

  5. Punched card input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_input/output

    Punched card input/output. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with ...

  6. Clarence Ellis (computer scientist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Ellis_(computer...

    David E. Muller [1] Clarence "Skip" Ellis (May 11, 1943 – May 17, 2014) was an American computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder. While at the CU-Boulder, he was the director of the Collaboration Technology Research Group and a member of the Institute of ...

  7. ICT 1301 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICT_1301

    The 1301 was the main machine in the line. Its main memory came in increments of 400 words of 48 bits (12 decimal digits or 12 four-bit binary values, 0-15) plus two parity bits. The maximum size was 4,000 words. It was the first ICT machine to use core memory. Backing store was magnetic drum and optionally one-inch-, half-inch- or quarter-inch ...

  8. Fortran - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran

    FORTRAN code on a punched card, showing the specialized uses of columns 1–5, 6 and 73–80 A reproduction of a FORTRAN coding form, printed on paper and intended to be used by programmers to prepare programs for punching onto cards by keypunch operators. Now obsolete.

  9. NCR Century 100 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR_Century_100

    The NCR Century 100 was NCR's first all integrated circuit computer built in 1968. [1] All logic gates were created by wire-wrapping NAND gates together to form flip-flops and other complex circuits. The console of the system had only 18 lights and switches and allowed entry of a boot routine, or changes to loaded programs or data in memory.