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The Scramble for Africa[a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the era of "New Imperialism" (1833–1914): Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In 1870, 10% of the continent was formally under European control.
Ancient and medieval colonies. Africa in 1910. In the early historical period, colonies were founded in North Africa by migrants from Europe and Western Asia, particularly Greeks and Phoenecians. Under Egypt 's Pharaoh Amasis (570–526 BC) a Greek mercantile colony was established at Naucratis, some 50 miles from the later Alexandria. [2]
It was left for 19th-century European explorers, including those searching for the famed sources of the Nile, notably John Hanning Speke, Richard Francis Burton, David Livingstone, and Henry Morton Stanley, to complete the exploration of Africa by the 1870s. After this, the general geography of Africa was known, but it was left to further ...
Western European colonialism and colonization was the Western European policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, founding a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. [1][2] For example, colonial policies, such as the type of rule implemented, [3] the nature ...
German Empire. The following were German African protectorates: German colonies in Africa, 1914. German South West Africa, 1884 to 1915. German West Africa, 1884 to 1915. Togoland, 1884 to 1916. Kamerun, from 1884 to 1916. Kapitaï and Koba, 1884 to 1885. Mahinland, March 11, 1885 to October 24, 1885.
In 1854, the discovery of quinine and other medical innovations helped to make conquest and colonization in Africa possible. [22] Strong motives for conquest of Africa were at play. Raw materials were needed for European factories. Europe in the early part of the 19th century was undergoing its Industrial Revolution. Nationalist rivalries and ...
European territories in Africa, 1914, following the Scramble for Africa. Satirical drawing: "The modern civilization of Europeː France in Morocco & England in Egypt", A.H. Zaki, 1908-1914. Africa was the target of the third wave of European colonialism, after that of the Americas and Asia. [54]
Post-colonialist historiography studies the relationship between European colonialism and domination in Africa and the construction of African history and representation. It has roots in Orientalism , the construction of cultures from the Asian , Arabian and North African world in a patronizing manner stemming from a sense of Western ...