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The eruption which formed the caldera of Hecates Tholus took place 350 million years ago. [8] However, the volcano itself dates back to the Hesperian period of Mars' history, [9] and is at least 3.8 billion years old. [10] Volcanic activity lasted until at least 335 million years ago, [10] and potentially as recent as 100 million years ago ...
However, the largest volcano on the planet, Olympus Mons, is thought to have formed when the plates were not moving. Olympus Mons may have formed just after the plate motion stopped. The mare-like plains on Mars are roughly 3 to 3.5 billion years old. [72] The giant shield volcanoes are younger, formed between 1 and 2 billion years ago.
Numerous attempts [3] [4] [5] have been made over the years to determine an absolute Martian chronology (timeline) by comparing estimated impact cratering rates for Mars to those on the Moon. If the rate of impact crater formation on Mars by crater size per unit area over geologic time (the production rate or flux) is known with precision, then ...
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The most conspicuous volcanoes on Mars are located in Tharsis and Elysium. Geologists think one of the reasons volcanoes on Mars were able to grow so large is that Mars has fewer tectonic boundaries in comparison to Earth. [64] Lava from a stationary hot spot was able to accumulate at one location on the surface for many hundreds of millions of ...
Arsia Mons once spewed molten rock across the surface of Mars, but some smaller volcanic features may have come from another source. In a select few places on Earth, mud erupts rather than molten ...
Olympus Mons is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during the Martian Hesperian Period with eruptions continuing well into the Amazonian Period. It has been known to astronomers since the late 19th century as the albedo feature Nix Olympica (Latin for "Olympic Snow"), and its mountainous nature was suspected well before ...
A.D. 79: Mount Vesuvius, Italy. Mount Vesuvius has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years, most recently in 1944, but the big one was in A.D. 17. One of the most violent eruptions in history ...