Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Peyer's patches (or aggregated lymphoid nodules) are organized lymphoid follicles, named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Peyer. [1] They are an important part of gut associated lymphoid tissue usually found in humans in the lowest portion of the small intestine, mainly in the distal jejunum and the ileum, but also could be detected in the duodenum.
The Peyer's patch is an aggregate of lymphoid cells projected to the lumen of the gut which acts as a very important site for the initiation of the immune response. It forms a subepithelial dome where large number of B cell follicles with its germinal centers, T cell areas between them in a smaller number and dendritic cells are found.
Factors promoting the differentiation of M cells have yet to be elucidated, but they are thought to develop in response to signals from immune cells found in developing Peyer's patches. [4] B cells have been implicated in the developmental of M cells, since they are also localized in high numbers in the follicular-associated epithelium (FAE).
Peyer's Patches, groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucous membrane, monitor the GALT closely to regulate pathogens that traverse through the area. Due to the function of M cells in Peyer's patches, involving the adherence and transport of antigens across a single layer of epithelial cells, dysfunction in these structures could allow an ...
Antigen sampling is a key function of Peyer’s patches. Above the Peyer’s patches is a much thinner mucus layer that helps the antigen sampling. [14] Specialized phagocytic cells, called M cells, which are found in the epithelial layer of the Peyer’s patches, can transport antigenic material across the intestinal barrier through the ...
Germinal centers or germinal centres (GCs) are transiently formed structures within B cell zone (follicles) in secondary lymphoid organs – lymph nodes, ileal Peyer's patches, and the spleen [1] – where mature B cells are activated, proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes (through somatic hypermutation aimed at achieving higher affinity) during a normal immune response ...
Donor-derived CTL cells use α4β7 integrin to migrate to gut-associated lymphoid tissues such as Peyer’s patches. Furthermore, Peyer’s patches are key sites for donor T cell activation and start of GVHD. It was proved that mice in which donor T cell migration to Peyer’s patches was blocked by an anti-MAdCAM-1 were protected from GVHD.
[2] [3] [5] LT-αβ, which is produced by activated Type 1 T helper cells (T h 1), CD8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, is known to have a major role in the normal development of Peyer's patches. [6] [7] Studies have found that mice with an inactivated LT-α gene (LTA) lack developed Peyer's patches and lymph nodes. In addition, LT-αβ ...