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Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
In whole blood (g/cm 3) In plasma or serum (g/cm 3) Water: Solvent 0.81-0.86 0.93-0.95 Acetoacetate: Produced in liver 8-40 × 10 −7: 4-43 × 10 −7: Acetone: product of bodyfat breakdown 3-20 × 10 −6: Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system: 6.6-8.2 × 10 −8: Adenosine triphosphate: Energy storage total 3. ...
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
Blood culture bottle: Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (anticoagulant) and growth media for microorganisms: Usually drawn first for minimal risk of contamination. [1] Two bottles are typically collected in one blood draw; one for aerobic organisms and one for anaerobic organisms. [2] Blue ("light blue") Sodium citrate (weak calcium chelator ...
Hyperbilirubinemia is a clinical condition describing an elevation of blood bilirubin level due to the inability to properly metabolise or excrete bilirubin, a product of erythrocytes breakdown. In severe cases, it is manifested as jaundice , the yellowing of tissues like skin and the sclera when excess bilirubin deposits in them. [ 1 ]
Bile (yellow material) in a liver biopsy stained with hematoxylin-eosin in a condition called cholestasis (setting of bile stasi). Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green/misty green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), [2] and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, and hormones. The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and (in mammals) platelets (thrombocytes). [3]
Unconjugated bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme (a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells). The liver is responsible for clearing the blood of unconjugated bilirubin, by 'conjugating' it (modified to make it water-soluble) through an enzyme named UDP-glucuronyl-transferase. When the total bilirubin level exceeds 17 μmol/L, it indicates ...