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The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
The British imperial gallon (frequently called simply "gallon") is defined as exactly 4.54609 dm 3 (4.54609 litres). [4] It is used in some Commonwealth countries, and until 1976 was defined as the volume of water at 62 °F (16.67 °C) [5] [6] whose mass is 10 pounds (4.5359237 kg).
Some SI units of volume to scale and approximate corresponding mass of water. To ease calculations, a unit of volume is equal to the volume occupied by a unit cube (with a side length of one). Because the volume occupies three dimensions, if the metre (m) is chosen as a unit of length, the corresponding unit of volume is the cubic metre (m 3).
The gallon was divided into four quarts, the quart into two pints, the pint into four gills, and the gill into five ounces; thus, there were 160 imperial fluid ounces to the gallon. This made the mass of a fluid ounce of water one avoirdupois ounce (28.3 g), a relationship which remains approximately valid today despite the imperial gallon's ...
The Winchester bushel is the volume of a cylinder 18.5 in (470 mm) in diameter and 8 in (200 mm) high, which gives an irrational number of approximately 2150.4202 cubic inches. [4] The modern American or US bushel is a variant of this, rounded to exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, less than one part per ten million less. [ 5 ]
In the standard system the conversion is that 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches and 1 inch = 2.54 cm, which makes a gallon = 3785.411784 millilitres exactly. For nutritional labeling on food packages in the US, the teaspoon is defined as exactly 5 ml, [22] giving 1 gallon = 3840 ml exactly. This chart uses the former.
Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] =, where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume , [ 2 ] although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more ...
In more practical terms, the flow coefficient C v is the volume (in US gallons) of water at 60 °F (16 °C) that will flow per minute through a valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi (6.9 kPa) across the valve.