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The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 the Grand Principality of Transylvania, was a realm of the Hungarian Crown [1] [2] ruled by the Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs of the Habsburg monarchy (later Austrian Empire) and governed by mostly Hungarians.
The Principality of Transylvania was established in 1570 when John II renounced his claim as King of Hungary in the Treaty of Speyer (ratified in 1571), [12] [22] and became a Transylvanian prince. [23] The treaty also recognized that the Principality of Transylvania belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law. [24]
Principality of Transylvania Cossack Hetmanate (1657) [9] Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wallachia Moldavia Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–1657) Treaty of Oliva: 1667–1671 Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Crimean Khanate Cossack Hetmanate: Victory Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) 1672–1676
The flag and coat of arms of Transylvania were granted by Queen Maria Theresa in 1765, when she established a Grand Principality within the Habsburg monarchy. In 1596, Levinus Hulsius created a coat of arms for Transylvania, consisting of a shield with a rising eagle in the upper field and seven hills with towers on top in the lower field.
The Transylvanian Court Chancellery was established in 1694, according to the Diploma Leopoldinum, modeled on its Hungarian counterpart.Leopold I also created the Gubernium ("Governorate") which was the main governmental body of Transylvania until the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
The history of Cluj-Napoca covers the time from the Roman conquest of Dacia, when a Roman settlement named Napoca existed on the location of the later city, through the founding of Cluj and its flourishing as the main cultural and religious center in the historical province of Transylvania, until its modern existence as a city, the seat of Cluj County in north-western Romania.
Principality of Transylvania may refer to: Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) , a semi-independent state Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867) (from 1765 Grand Principality of Transylvania )
After his return to Transylvania in 1661, [7] Apafi settled in his estates. [10] The Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV appointed Kuchuk Ali, Pasha (or governor) of Temeşvar Eyalet, to restore Ottoman suzerainty in Transylvania by force. [27] Kuchuk Ali invaded the principality from the West in late June 1661. [25]