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A neuromuscular junction (or myoneural junction) is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. [1] It allows the motor neuron to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction. [2] Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy.
Neuromuscular junction, axon terminal contacting a muscle cell; Endocytosis to recycle vesicles after use; Vesicular monoamine transporter, loading vesicles with neurotransmitter. Optogenetic methods to measure cellular activity
Repetitive nerve stimulation is a variant of the nerve conduction study where electrical stimulation is delivered to a motor nerve repeatedly several times per second. By observing the change in the muscle electrical response (CMAP) after several stimulations, a physician can assess for the presence of a neuromuscular junction disease, and differentiate between presynaptic and postsynaptic ...
Neuromuscular junction diseases in this category include snake venom poisoning, botulism, arthropod poisoning, organophosphates and hypermagnesemia.(reference 13) Organophosphates are present in many insecticides and herbicides. They are also the basis of many nerve gases.(reference 27) Hypermagnesmia is a condition where the balance of ...
In the muscle-type receptors, found at the neuromuscular junction, receptors are either the embryonic form, composed of α 1, β 1, γ, and δ subunits in a 2:1:1:1 ratio ((α 1) 2 β 1 γδ), or the adult form composed of α 1, β 1, δ, and ε subunits in a 2:1:1:1 ratio ((α 1) 2 β 1 δε).
A neural pathway connects one part of the nervous system to another using bundles of axons called tracts. The optic tract that extends from the optic nerve is an example of a neural pathway because it connects the eye to the brain; additional pathways within the brain connect to the visual cortex.
Neuromuscular disease can also be diagnosed by various blood tests and using electrodiagnostic medicine tests [23] including electromyography [24] (measuring electrical activity in muscles) and nerve conduction studies. [25] Genetic testing is an important part of diagnosing inherited neuromuscular conditions. [23]
The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is the resulting response and depends on the motor axons transmitting the action potential, the status of the neuromuscular junction, and muscle fibers. The CMAP amplitudes, motor onset latencies, and conduction velocities are routinely assessed and analyzed.