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[1] [2] The islands are all active volcanoes lying atop the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc that stretches south to the Marianas. They have an area of 32.55 square kilometres (12.57 sq mi), and a population of 380. The island of Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands lies about 1,240 kilometres (670 nmi; 771 mi) southeast of Miyazaki. [3]
Volcanic island, an island of volcanic origin; Taal Volcano, an island volcano in the Philippines; Volcano Islands, a group of volcanic islands near Japan; Vulcano Island, a small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea
Ruby Seamount is an active volcanic seamount in the Northern Mariana Islands region of the Pacific Ocean about 50 km (31 mi) north-west of Saipan. [ 5 ] [ 1 ] It is in a region where the Pacific Plate is subducting under the Philippine Sea Plate producing arc volcanism .
North Iwo Jima (Japanese: 北硫黄島, Kita Iwōjima, "North Sulfur Island"), [1] now officially North or Kita Iōtō (written with the same characters) and previously known as Santo [2] or San Alessandro, [3] Hooge Meeuwen Island (Dutch: t'Hooge Meuwen Eylandt, "High Seagull Island"), [4] and North Sulfur Island, is the northernmost member of Japan's Volcano Islands.
The island is a basalt pillar with sheer sides, the only visible portion of a submarine volcanic caldera extending 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) south-east at an average depth of 240 metres (790 ft). The above sea-level portion measures approximately 84 metres east-west and 56 metres north-south, with a summit height of 99 metres (325 ft).
The Nikkō caldera is a volcanic complex consisting of a caldera and 2 other cones that are the active parts of the volcano which last had an activity in 1979. [2] It is 155 km (96 mi) south-southeast of Iwo Jima and 945 km (587 mi) north-northwest of Saipan .
Tofua caldera. Tofua is a volcanic island in Tonga.Located in the Haʻapai island group, it is a steep-sided composite cone with a summit caldera.It is part of the highly active Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone and its associated volcanic arc, which extends from New Zealand north-northeast to Fiji, and is formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Indo-Australian Plate. [2]
The first recorded sighting by Europeans of Karkar Island was by the Spanish navigator Iñigo Órtiz de Retes on 10 August 1545 when on board of the carrack San Juan tried to return from Tidore to New Spain. [2] It was later visited by Willem Schouten and Jacob le Maire and called "High island". In 1643 Abel Tasman passed the island.