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Hepatic porphyrias is a form of porphyria in which toxic porphyrin molecules build up in the liver. Hepatic porphyrias can result from a number of different enzyme deficiencies. [1] Examples include (in order of synthesis pathway): [citation needed] Acute intermittent porphyria; Porphyria cutanea tarda and Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria
Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and the person's symptoms. [2] Treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight, while treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution. [2] Rarely, a liver transplant may be carried out. [2]
Variegate porphyria, also known by several other names, is an autosomal dominant porphyria [3] that can have acute (severe but usually not long-lasting) symptoms along with symptoms that affect the skin. The disorder results from low levels of the enzyme responsible for the seventh step in heme production.
Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a disorder of heme biosynthesis, classified as an acute hepatic porphyria. [1] HCP is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme coproporphyrinogen oxidase, coded for by the CPOX gene, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, although homozygous individuals have been identified.
Givosiran, sold under the brand name Givlaari, is a medication used for the treatment of adults with acute hepatic porphyria. [3] [6] [7] [8] Givosiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed towards delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1), [9] an important enzyme in the production of heme.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (or commonly called EPP) is a form of porphyria, which varies in severity and can be very painful.It arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, skin, and liver. [2]
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