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Phytoplankton (/ ˌ f aɪ t oʊ ˈ p l æ ŋ k t ə n /) are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems.The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν (phyton), meaning 'plant', and πλαγκτός (planktos), meaning 'wanderer' or 'drifter'.
The second trophic level (primary consumers) is occupied by zooplankton which feed off the phytoplankton. Higher order consumers complete the web. There has been increasing recognition in recent years that marine microorganisms. Habitats lead to variations in food webs.
Phytoplankton (from Greek phyton, or plant) are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. Among the more important groups are the diatoms , cyanobacteria , dinoflagellates , and coccolithophores .
Phytoplankton are an essential base of the marine food web and absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean that originally came from the atmosphere. The tiny organisms occupy the uppermost layer of ocean water, called the mixed layer , where waves and currents continually churn, drawing up nutrients from a deeper layer of water below.
In his landmark publications, such as the Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, the nomenclature is regulated by the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; However, there is a simpler scheme that categorizes plankton based on a logarithmic size scale: ... In order to differentiate between ...
Order: Thalassionematales. Family: Thalassionemataceae. Genus: ... Grunow, 1862. Thalassionema nitzschioides is a type of phytoplankton belonging to the pennate ...
Most free-living copepods feed directly on phytoplankton, catching cells individually. A single copepod can consume up to 373,000 phytoplankton per day. [ 13 ] They generally have to clear the equivalent to about a million times their own body volume of water every day to cover their nutritional needs. [ 14 ]