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Medical Code of Ethics is a document that establishes the ethical rules of behaviour of all healthcare professionals, such as registered medical practitioners, physicians, dental practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, defining the priorities of their professional work, showing the principles in the relations with patients, other physicians and the rest of community.
This code seeks to protect patients and physicians because professional objectivity can be compromised when the physician is treating a loved one. Studies from multiple health organizations have illustrated that physician-family member relationships may cause an increase in diagnostic testing and costs. [104]
Patient advocacy is a process in health care concerned with advocacy for patients, survivors, and caregivers. The patient advocate [1] may be an individual or an organization, concerned with healthcare standards or with one specific group of disorders.
Primary care ethics is not a discipline; it is a notional field of study which is simultaneously an aspect of primary health care and applied ethics. De Zulueta argues that primary care ethics has ‘a definitive place on the ‘ bioethics map’ , represented by a substantial body of empirical research, literary texts and critical discourse (2 ...
The Hippocratic Corpus advises that physicians conceal most information from patients to give the patients the best care. [54]: 61 The rationale is a beneficence model for care—the doctor knows better than the patient, and therefore should direct the patient's care, because the patient is not likely to have better ideas than the doctor.
The International Code of Medical Ethics [1] was adopted by the General Assembly of the World Medical Association at London in 1949, and amended in 1968, 1983, and 2006. It is a code based on the Declaration of Geneva and the main goal is to establish the ethical principles of the physicians worldwide, based on his duties in general, to his patients and to his colleagues.
Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing. Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect for autonomy. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human dignity and collaborative care.
The current AMA Code of Medical Ethics rejects therapeutic privilege as a defence. It states: "Except in emergency situations in which a patient is incapable of making an informed decision, withholding information without the patient’s knowledge or consent is ethically unacceptable." [5] Callahan Klaver states: [6]