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Skeletal formula of tetracycline with atoms and four rings numbered and labeled. Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds. [1]
Tetracycline blocks the A-site so that a hydrogen bond is not formed between the amino acids. Tetracycline binds to the 30S and 50S subunit of microbial ribosomes. [3] Thus, it prevents the formation of a peptide chain. [25] The action is usually not inhibitory and irreversible even with the withdrawal of the drug.
Omadacycline, sold under the brand name Nuzyra, is a broad spectrum antibiotic medication belonging to the aminomethylcycline subclass [3] of tetracycline antibiotics. In the United States, it was approved in October 2018, for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute skin and skin structure infections. [2] [4]
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Doxycycline, a tetracyclic antibiotic. Mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant. Tetracyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain four fused rings of atoms, for example, Tröger's base.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
Eravacycline (TP-434, Xerava) is a synthetic halogenated tetracycline class antibiotic by Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals. It is closely related to tigecycline.It has a broad spectrum of activity including many multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria.