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Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in hypotension (low blood pressure), often with bradycardia (slowed heart rate), caused by disruption of autonomic nervous system pathways. [1] It can occur after damage to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.
The first episode of autonomic dysreflexia may occur weeks to years after the spinal cord injury takes place. [5] It may take place anytime after reflexes have returned following spinal shock. [5] Most people at risk develop their first episode within the first year after the injury. [17]
Sympathetic nerve fibers travel around the tunica media of the artery, secrete neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine into the extracellular fluid surrounding the smooth muscle (tunica media) from the terminal knob of the axon.
Obstructive shock can occur in the setting of tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade. These etiologies should be uncovered in the primary survey. [3] In the setting of head or neck trauma, an inadequate sympathetic response, or neurogenic shock, is a type of distributive shock that is caused by a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. [3]
Shock is a medical emergency and requires urgent medical care. If shock is suspected, emergency help should be called immediately. While waiting for medical care, the individual should be, if safe, laid down (except in cases of suspected head or back injuries). The legs should be raised if possible, and the person should be kept warm.
[3] [12] [13] Besides, nearly all kinds of distributive shock such as septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, drug and toxin-induced shock, endocrine shock can turn out into refractory vasodilatory shock when the original shock becomes more severe. [14] [2] [15] [16] [17] [4] The most common cause of vasodilatory shock is sepsis. [5]
Distributive shock is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is one of four categories of shock , a condition where there is not enough oxygen -carrying blood to meet the metabolic needs of the cells ...
Obstructive shock is one of the four types of shock, caused by a physical obstruction in the flow of blood. [1] Obstruction can occur at the level of the great vessels or the heart itself. [ 2 ] Causes include pulmonary embolism , cardiac tamponade , and tension pneumothorax . [ 3 ]