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A torque converter is a device, usually implemented as a type of fluid coupling, that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the torque
Bellhousing (aka bell-housing or bell) is a colloquial term for the component that aligns and connects the transmission of a vehicle to its engine, and which covers and protects the flywheel/clutch or flexplate/torque converter. [1] It derives its name from the bell-like shape that those internal components necessitate.
The early model C4 (1964–1969) used a .788-inch 24-spline input shaft, which was upgraded in 1970 to 26-spline and .839-inch. The upgrade also included a matching 26-spline clutch hub. In 1971, Ford went to a 26/24-spline input shaft, meaning the torque-converter side is 26-spline and the clutch hub is 24-spline.
Crankshafts manufactured for the 1999 model year (to the end of 4.3 L (262 cu in) production) had a pilot hole depth of 1.41 in (35.8 mm) when coupled to the LSx-based 4L60E, which had a redesigned torque converter pilot hub (which was longer and was used with a 300 mm (11.8 in) stator shaft). The torque converter pilot hub was longer than the ...
where the grooves of the inner and outer parts are formed as linear races filled with ball bearings to allow for free linear motion even under high torque. To allow longer travel the outer spline can incorporate channels to re-circulate the balls, in this way torque can be transferred from a long shaft while travelling up or down the length.
The torque tube consists of a large diameter stationary housing between the transmission and rear end that fully encloses a rotating tubular steel or small-diameter solid drive shaft (known colloquially in the U.S. as a "rope drive" [1]) that transmits the power of the engine to a regular or limited-slip differential. [2]
The lower half of the main bearings are typically held in place by 'bearing caps' which are secured to the engine block using bolts. The basic arrangement is for each bearing cap to have two bolts, but some engines may have four or six bolts per bearing cap (often referred to as "four-bolt mains" or "six-bolt mains" engines).
Torque reaction effects on a leaf spring in a Hotchkiss drive system. Most shaft-drive systems consist of a drive shaft (also called a "propeller shaft" or Cardan shaft) extending from the transmission in front to the differential in the rear. The differentiating characteristic of the Hotchkiss drive is the fact that the axle housing is firmly ...