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Feline diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in cats whereby either insufficient insulin response or insulin resistance leads to persistently high blood glucose concentrations. Diabetes affects up to 1 in 230 cats , [ 1 ] and may be becoming increasingly common.
IGF-1 levels can be normal in cats with hypersomatotropism when the measurement is taken prior to insulin therapy. IGF-1 levels are significantly lower in cats with untreated diabetes mellitus without hypersomatotropism. To counteract this, diabetic cats with suspected hypersomatotropism can be treated for 6-8 weeks with insulin before testing.
Fructosamine concentrations are significantly lower in hyperthyroid cats, with half of hyperthyroid cats having levels outside the reference range. Following treatment for hyperthyroidism these concentrations rise to normal levels. Diabetes mellitus also affects fructosamine concentration and this should not be relied on in diabetic cats.
Hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia is a condition where unusually high amount of glucose is present in blood. It is defined as blood glucose level exceeding 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL) after fasting for 8 hours and 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating. [1] [2]
Hence, each laboratory report will include the patient's specific reference range for the test. An increase in fructosamine in lab testing results usually means an increase in glucose in the blood. On average, each change of 3.3 mmol (60 mg/dL) in average blood sugar levels will give rise to changes of 2% HbA1c and 75 μmol fructosamine values. [6]
Bexagliflozin, sold under the brand name Bexacat, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glycemic control in cats with diabetes. [2] Bexacat is the first sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor new animal drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in any animal species. [2]