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The three main causes are infections, specifically bacterial vaginosis, vaginal yeast infection, and trichomoniasis. [2] Other causes include allergies to substances such as spermicides or soaps or as a result of low estrogen levels during breast-feeding or after menopause. [2] More than one cause may exist at a time. [2] The common causes vary ...
Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are vital in reducing the chances of later complications from PID. Delaying treatment for even a few days could greatly increase the chances of further complications. Even when the PID infection is cured, effects of the infection may be permanent, or long lasting. This makes early identification essential.
Another risk is factors that alter the microenvironment in the vagina and cervix, allowing infecting organisms to proliferate and eventually ascend to the fallopian tube: antibiotic treatment; ovulation; menstruation; sexually transmitted infection (STI) Finally, sexual intercourse may facilitate the spread of disease from the vagina to the ...
[19] [28] Men have a 20% risk of getting the infection from a single act of vaginal intercourse with an infected woman. The risk for men who have sex with men (MSM) is higher. [ 29 ] Insertive MSM may get a penile infection from anal intercourse, while receptive MSM may get anorectal gonorrhea.
In men, those with a chlamydial infection show symptoms of infectious inflammation of the urethra in about 50% of cases. [15] Symptoms that may occur include: a painful or burning sensation when urinating, an unusual discharge from the penis , testicular pain or swelling, or fever.
Trichomoniasis is associated with an increased risk of transmission and infection of HIV. [9] [10] Trichomoniasis may cause a woman to deliver a low-birth-weight or premature infant. [9] The role of Trichomonas infection in causing cervical cancer is unclear. However, trichomonas infection may be associated with co-infection with high-risk ...