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  2. Calcium gluconate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_gluconate

    Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid and is used as a mineral supplement and medication. [1] As a medication it is used by injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity. [1] [2] Supplementation is generally only required when there is not enough calcium in the diet. [3]

  3. Calcium supplement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_supplement

    [2] [3] By mouth they are used to treat and prevent low blood calcium, osteoporosis, and rickets. [1] By injection into a vein they are used for low blood calcium that is resulting in muscle spasms and for high blood potassium or magnesium toxicity. [2] [4] Common side effects include constipation and nausea. [1]

  4. Plasmapheresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmapheresis

    Citrate binds to calcium in the blood, calcium being essential for blood to clot. Citrate is very effective in preventing blood from clotting; however, its use can lead to life-threateningly low calcium levels. This can be detected using the Chvostek's sign or Trousseau's sign. To prevent this complication, calcium is infused intravenously ...

  5. Hypocalcemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocalcemia

    Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic. [1] [3] [6] Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms.

  6. Calcium lactate gluconate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_lactate_gluconate

    Calcium lactate gluconate, also known as GLOCAL, is a soluble salt of calcium, lactic acid and gluconic acid used in effervescent calcium tablets. [1] Its chemical formula is Ca 5 (C 3 H 5 O 3) 6 ·(C 6 H 11 O 7) 4 ·2H 2 O. It was first developed by Sandoz, Switzerland.

  7. Magnesium deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency

    [15] [25] Physiologically, it acts as a calcium antagonist. [25] Thus, the effects of low magnesium are widespread. Low magnesium intake over time can increase the risk of illnesses, including high blood pressure and heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, osteoporosis, and migraines. [15] Magnesium has several effects:

  8. Calcium metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_metabolism

    Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) and hypercalcemia (high blood calcium) are both serious medical disorders. Osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets are bone disorders linked to calcium metabolism disorders and effects of vitamin D. Renal osteodystrophy is a consequence of chronic kidney failure related to the calcium metabolism.

  9. Magnesium (medical use) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_(medical_use)

    It is commonly used as a laxative, owing to the poor absorption of the sulfate component. In lower doses, they may be used as an oral magnesium source, however. Intravenous or intramuscular magnesium is generally in the form of magnesium sulfate solution. Intravenous or intramuscular magnesium is completely bioavailable, and effective.