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Mariner Jupiter-Saturn was approved in 1972 after the cancellation of the Grand Tour program, which proposed visiting all the outer planets with multiple spacecraft. The Mariner Jupiter-Saturn program proposed two Mariner-derived probes that would perform a scaled back mission involving flybys of only the two gas giants, though designers at JPL ...
Due to the name change occurring close to launch, the probes were still occasionally referred to as Mariner 11 and Mariner 12, or even Voyager 11 and Voyager 12. [17] Two mission trajectories were established: JST aimed at Jupiter, Saturn, and enhancing a Titan flyby, while JSX served as a contingency plan. JST focused on a Titan flyby, while ...
The Mariner Jupiter-Saturn project was approved in early 1972, with an estimated cost of less than $360 million for each of two probes. [5] The probes would be built by JPL, with the intention that they would last long enough to complete the original Grand Tour of the four giant planets, but be advertised as missions to only Jupiter and Saturn ...
Initially, Voyager 1 was planned as Mariner 11 of the Mariner program. Due to budget cuts, the mission was reduced to a flyby of Jupiter and Saturn and renamed the Mariner Jupiter-Saturn probes. The name was changed to Voyager when the probe designs began to differ substantially from Mariner missions. [18]
As a precursor to the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn mission, verify the environment of the ring plane to find out where it may be safely crossed by the Mariner spacecraft without serious damage. [2] Pioneer 11 was built by TRW and managed as part of the Pioneer program by NASA Ames Research Center. [3]
Throughout January, planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus will all be visible in the night sky. However, the best time to catch a glimpse of the planets will be on Jan. 29, the ...
Mariner 10 flew by Mercury at a minimum distance of 48,069 km. 16 March 1975 499 days (1 yr, 4 mo, 14 d) Mariner 10 flew by Mercury at a minimum distance of 327 km. Voyager 2: Jupiter 20 August 1977 9 July 1979 689 days (1 yr, 10 mo, 20 d) Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter. [91] Saturn 5 August 1981 1447 days (3 yr, 11 mo, 17 d) Voyager 2 flew by ...
Saturn and Jupiter may be gas giants now, but according to some experts, they were once nothing more than tiny pebbles, and a recent study supports that assertion. The prevailing theory is that ...