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Most of the languages of Bihar, the third most populous state of India, belong to the Bihari subgroup of the Indo-Aryan family. Chief among them are Bhojpuri, spoken in the west of the state, Maithili in the north, Magahi in center around capital Patna and in the south of the state.
Such state and national politics are creating conditions for language endangerments. [9] After independence Hindi was given the sole official status through the Bihar Official Language Act, 1950. [10] Hindi was displaced as the sole official language of Bihar in 1981, when Urdu was accorded the status of the second official language. [11]
The native language is Magadhi or Magahi, named after Magadha, the ancient name of South Bihar and is most widely spoken. Hindi is spoken by 65.94% of the population, 18.04% Magahi, 9.67% Urdu, 3.19% Bhojpuri and 1.79% Maithili as their first language.
The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments. The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral.
In 1936, the Bihar and Orissa Province was divided to form the Bihar Province, but Bengali-speaking Manbhum was kept with Hindi-dominant Bihar Province. In 1948, the then Government of Bihar declared Hindi as the only official language in the whole of Bihar including Manbhum. In the context of these incidents, deep anger was born among the ...
Bajjika language is spoken in the north-western part of Bihar, in a region popularly known as Tirhut. [2] It is mainly spoken in the Sitamarhi, Sheohar Muzaffarpur and Vaishali districts of Bihar. [3] A 2013 estimate based on 2001 census data suggests that there were 20 million Bajjika speakers in Bihar. [4]
Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province.
Bihar Engineering University was established under Bihar Engineering University Act, 2021 of Bihar Government [203] with the purpose of the development and management of educational infrastructure related to technical, medical, management, and related professional education in Bihar. [204]
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