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Public finance refers to the monetary resources available to governments and also to the study of finance within government and ... (for example public provision ...
Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective or individual needs and wants of public goods and public services, such as pension, healthcare, security, education subsidies, emergency services, infrastructure, etc. [6] Until the 19th century, public expenditure was limited due to laissez faire philosophies.
The institutional framework of public finance is the government budget or public budget. The budgetary system is a system of popular approval and oversight of the state's financial activities. The history of constitutional politics can be described as the history of the establishment of the modern budgetary system. [8]
Resource management is an important aspect of public budgeting, as it involves the allocation, utilization, and monitoring of financial, human, and other resources. Some key considerations in resource management of public budgeting include: prioritisation, efficiency, accountability, transparency, flexibility. [2]
Public bank; Public commercial assets; Public expenditure; Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses; Public Finance (Management and Control) Bill, 2009; Public Finance Review; Public finances in Costa Rica; Public Resources Advisory Group; Public sector balance sheet; Public sector net worth; Public wealth fund
In American public finance, discretionary spending is government spending implemented through an appropriations bill. [1] This spending is an optional part of fiscal policy, in contrast to social programs for which funding is mandatory and determined by the number of eligible recipients. [2]
Examples of expansionary fiscal policy measures include increased government spending on public works (e.g., building schools) and providing the residents of the economy with tax cuts to increase their purchasing power (in order to fix a decrease in the demand).
A country's gross government debt (also called public debt or sovereign debt [1]) is the financial liabilities of the government sector. [ 2 ] : 81 Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits . [ 3 ]