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Lead in the bones, teeth, hair, and nails is bound tightly and not available to other tissues, and is generally thought not to be harmful. [180] In adults, 94% of absorbed lead is deposited in the bones and teeth, but children only store 70% in this manner, a fact which may partially account for the more serious health effects on children. [26]
It is a very thin, black-blue line visible along the margin of the gums, at the base of the teeth. [1] [2] It is caused by the reaction between circulating lead and sulphur ions produced by oral bacteria, forming deposits of lead sulfide in the gums. [3] The sign was described in 1840 by Henry Burton: [4]
[15] [16] [17] Lead exposure is especially prevalent in soil, water, and dust; it has the most impact on the children and workers around Vernon. [4] In 2019, a study conducted by the University of Southern California found a high amount of lead in baby teeth of children in Boyle Heights, Maywood, East Los Angeles, Commerce, and Huntington Park.
Those opposed to dental amalgam suggest that mercury from dental amalgam may lead to nephrotoxicity, neurobehavioural changes, autoimmunity, oxidative stress, autism, skin and mucosa alterations, non-specific symptoms and complaints, Alzheimer's disease, calcium-building in the kidneys, kidney stones, thyroid issues, and multiple sclerosis.
Lead may be found in food when food is grown in soil that is high in lead, airborne lead contaminates the crops, animals eat lead in their diet, or lead enters the food either from what it was stored or cooked in. [287] Ingestion of lead paint and batteries is also a route of exposure for livestock, which can subsequently affect humans. [288]
Human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by ... is an infectious disease which damages the structures of teeth. [43] The disease can lead to pain ...
Dental plaque is a biofilm that attaches to tooth surfaces, restorations and prosthetic appliances (including dentures and bridges) if left undisturbed.Understanding the formation, composition and characteristics of plaque helps in its control. [6]
Plaque is a biofilm on the surfaces of the teeth. This accumulation of microorganisms subject the teeth and gingival tissues to high concentrations of bacterial metabolites which results in dental disease. If not taken care of, via brushing or flossing, the plaque can turn into tartar (its hardened form) and lead to gingivitis or periodontal ...