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The spin-dependence of Andreev reflection gives rise to the Point contact Andreev reflection technique, whereby a narrow superconducting tip (often niobium, antimony or lead) is placed into contact with a normal material at temperatures below the critical temperature of the tip. By applying a voltage to the tip, and measuring differential ...
Alexander Fyodorovich Andreev (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Андреев, 10 December 1939 – 14 March 2023) [1] was a Russian theoretical physicist best known for explaining the eponymous Andreev reflection. [2] Andreev was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, starting in 1959 and graduating ahead of ...
The universal cover of SO(3) is a Lie group called Spin(3). The group Spin(3) is isomorphic to the special unitary group SU(2); it is also diffeomorphic to the unit 3-sphere S 3 and can be understood as the group of versors (quaternions with absolute value 1).
Diagram of Andreev reflection. An electron meeting the interface between a normal conductor and a superconductor produces a Cooper pair in the superconductor and a retroreflected electron hole in the normal conductor. Legend: "N" = normal conductor, "S" = superconductor, red = electron, green = hole. Arrows indicate the spin band occupied by ...
In quantum mechanics, a triplet state, or spin triplet, is the quantum state of an object such as an electron, atom, or molecule, having a quantum spin S = 1. It has three allowed values of the spin's projection along a given axis m S = −1, 0, or +1, giving the name "triplet".
The set of all reflections in lines through the origin and rotations about the origin, together with the operation of composition of reflections and rotations, forms a group. The group has an identity: Rot(0). Every rotation Rot(φ) has an inverse Rot(−φ). Every reflection Ref(θ) is its own inverse. Composition has closure and is ...
Explicitly, a reflection has order 2 in O(V), r 2 = 1, so the square of the preimage of a reflection (which has determinant one) must be in the kernel of Spin ± (V) → SO(V), so ~ =, and either choice determines a pin group (since all reflections are conjugate by an element of SO(V), which is connected, all reflections must square to the same ...
The spin representation Δ further decomposes into a pair of irreducible complex representations of the Spin group [26] (the half-spin representations, or Weyl spinors) via + =, =. When dim( V ) is odd, V = W ⊕ U ⊕ W ′ , where U is spanned by a unit vector u orthogonal to W .