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Flatpak is a utility for software deployment and package management for Linux. It provides a sandbox environment in which users can run application software in (partial) isolation from the rest of the system.
For example, in GoboLinux a recipe file contains information on how to download, unpack, compile and install a package using its Compile tool. In both cases, the user must provide the computing power and time needed to compile the app, and is legally responsible for the consequences of compiling the package.
A high-level utility named pkgin also exists, and is designed to automate the installation, removal, and update of binary packages in a manner similar to Debian's Advanced Packaging Tool. [ 7 ] Several vendors, including MNX.io , provide binary packages for popular operating systems, including macOS and Linux .
PackageKit was created by Richard Hughes in 2007, [2] [3] and first introduced into an operating system as a default application in May 2008 with the release of Fedora 9. [4] The suite is cross-platform, though it is primarily targeted at Linux distributions which follow the interoperability standards set out by the freedesktop.org group.
Synaptic, an example of a package manager. A package manager or package-management system is a collection of software tools that automates the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs for a computer in a consistent manner. [1] A package manager deals with packages, distributions of software and data in ...
MacPorts installs software on top of the operating system, providing newer versions of pre-installed packages or software that is not included in macOS. This is in contrast to other package management systems, such as APT and DNF, that are part of the operating system. For this reason, MacPorts is sometimes known as an overlay distribution.
Fink can be used to install newer versions of packages installed by macOS or to install packages not included in macOS by Apple edict. Fink stores all its data in the directory /opt/sw for newer macOS releases and /sw for macOS 10.14 and earlier [3] (although this can be changed if initially compiling fink itself from source code).
Gentoo for Mac OS X was the first non-Linux project of Gentoo and focused on making the Gentoo experience available on Apple's operating system by introducing the Portage system as a separate entity. This was roughly similar to Fink and MacPorts , but it used Portage instead of a Debian-like or Ports-like system.