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In plumbing, a closet flange (also known as a toilet flange) is a pipe fitting (specifically, a type of flange) that both mounts a toilet to the floor and connects the closet bend to a drain pipe. The name comes from the term "water closet", the traditional name for a toilet. Closet flanges are typically made of brass, cast iron, ABS, PVC, and ...
The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal. Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.
Although flange fittings are bulky, they perform well in demanding applications such as large water supply networks and hydroelectric systems. Flanges are rated at 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 psi; or 10, 15, 25, 40, 64, 100, and 150 bars of pressure. Various types of flanges are available, depending on construction.
Old water pipe, remnant of the Machine de Marly near Versailles, France. Lead was the favoured material for water pipes for many centuries because its malleability made it practical to work into the desired shape. Such use was so common that the word "plumbing" derives from plumbum, the Latin word for lead.
As the water is siphoned from the trough, water is also sucked from the timing box and the water level inside the box falls rapidly, with air drawn into the timing box through a 'snorkel' vent pipe. When the timing box has been emptied of water, air flows through the timing box and into the siphon to break the siphonic action, stopping the ...
In the US, flanges are either threaded or welded onto the pipe. In the European market flanges are usually welded onto the pipe. In the US, flanges are available in a standard 125 lb bolt pattern as well as a 250 lb (and heavier) bolt pattern (steel bolt pattern). Both are usually rated at 250 psi (1,700 kPa).
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