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If the size of the state space is finite, calculating the size of the state space is a combinatorial problem. [4] For example, in the Eight queens puzzle, the state space can be calculated by counting all possible ways to place 8 pieces on an 8x8 chessboard. This is the same as choosing 8 positions without replacement from a set of 64, or
Nauck also extended the puzzle to the n queens problem, with n queens on a chessboard of n×n squares. Since then, many mathematicians, including Carl Friedrich Gauss, have worked on both the eight queens puzzle and its generalized n-queens version. In 1874, S. Günther proposed a method using determinants to find solutions. [1]
Animation of min-conflicts resolution of 8-queens. First stage assigns columns greedily minimizing conflicts, then solves. Min-Conflicts solves the N-Queens Problem by selecting a column from the chess board for queen reassignment. The algorithm searches each potential move for the number of conflicts (number of attacking queens), shown in each ...
The classic textbook example of the use of backtracking is the eight queens puzzle, that asks for all arrangements of eight chess queens on a standard chessboard so that no queen attacks any other. In the common backtracking approach, the partial candidates are arrangements of k queens in the first k rows of the board, all in different rows and ...
Minimum maximal independent set a.k.a. minimum independent dominating set [4] NP-complete special cases include the minimum maximal matching problem, [3]: GT10 which is essentially equal to the edge dominating set problem (see above). Metric dimension of a graph [3]: GT61 Metric k-center; Minimum degree spanning tree; Minimum k-cut
The following is the skeleton of a generic branch and bound algorithm for minimizing an arbitrary objective function f. [3] To obtain an actual algorithm from this, one requires a bounding function bound, that computes lower bounds of f on nodes of the search tree, as well as a problem-specific branching rule.
The most famous problem of this type is the eight queens puzzle. Problems are further extended by asking how many possible solutions exist. Further generalizations apply the problem to NxN boards. [3] [4] An 8×8 chessboard can have 16 independent kings, 8 independent queens, 8 independent rooks, 14 independent bishops, or 32 independent ...
The state space or phase space is the geometric space in which the axes are the state variables. The system state can be represented as a vector , the state vector . If the dynamical system is linear, time-invariant, and finite-dimensional, then the differential and algebraic equations may be written in matrix form.