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Spain immediately recognized the enormous economic potential of Upper Peru. The highlands were rich in minerals, and Potosí had the Western world's largest concentration of silver. The area was heavily populated and could supply workers for the silver mines. In addition, Upper Peru could provide food for the miners on the Altiplano. [3]
A Collection of Pamphlets on the History of Bolivia in the Second Half of The Nineteenth Century (1900) online in Spanish; Crabtree, John, et al. The Great Tin Crash: Bolivia and the World Tin Market (1987) excerpt; Dangl, Benjamin. The Five Hundred Year Rebellion: Indigenous Movements and the Decolonization of History in Bolivia (AK Press, 2019).
In 2011, approximately 250,000 Bolivian citizens resided in Spain. [13] Most Bolivians left their country of origin to Spain to escape poverty and political instability. In 2011, Bolivian nationals in Spain sent over US$1 billion in remittances to Bolivia. [13] In 2014, there were approximately 10,000 Spanish citizens residing in Bolivia. [14]
Once the Spanish settlement in the Caribbean occurred, Spain and Portugal formalized a division of the world between them in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. [9] The deeply pious Isabella saw the expansion of Spain's sovereignty inextricably paired with the evangelization of non-Christian peoples, the so-called "spiritual conquest" with the ...
Bolivia is named after Simón Bolívar, a Venezuelan leader in the Spanish American wars of independence. [22] The leader of Venezuela, Antonio José de Sucre, had been given the option by Bolívar to either unify Charcas (present-day Bolivia), to unify with the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, or to formally declare its independence from Spain as a wholly independent state.
Columbus' discoveries began the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Spain's claim [42] to these lands was solidified by the Inter caetera papal bull dated 4 May 1493, and Dudum siquidem on 26 September 1493.
Having lost its entire coastal territory, Bolivia withdrew from the war, while the war between Chile and Peru continued for three more years. Bolivia officially ceded the coastal territory to Chile only twenty-four years later, under the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship. [6] The War of the Pacific was a turning point in Bolivian history.
The Iberian Union in 1598, under Philip II, King of Spain and Portugal. Beginning in 1499, the people and natural resources of South America were repeatedly exploited by foreign conquistadors, first from Spain and later from Portugal. These competing colonial nations claimed the land and resources as their own and divided it into colonies. [56]