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The Constitution of Japan [b] is the supreme law of Japan. Written primarily by American civilian officials during the occupation of Japan after World War II, it was adopted on 3 November 1946 and came into effect on 3 May 1947, succeeding the Meiji Constitution of 1889. [4] The constitution consists of a preamble and 103 articles grouped into ...
Charles Louis Kades (March 12, 1906 – June 18, 1996) was an American soldier and lawyer who served as both chief and deputy chief of GHQ's Government Section in World War II. Kades played a central role in creating GHQ's draft of the Japanese constitution, and profoundly affected the direction of Japan following the war.
The Japanese television network, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), produced a 90-minute documentary on Gordon's life, first broadcast in Japan on May 22, 1993. A Japanese-language biography, Christmas 1945: The Biography of the Woman Who Wrote the Equal Rights Clause of the Japanese Constitution, was published on
The post war Japanese Constitution proclaimed that sovereignty rested with the people, deprived the Emperor of political powers, and strengthened the powers of the Diet, which is to be elected by universal suffrage. [17] The Constitution also renounced war, introduced a Bill of Rights, and authorized judicial review. [17]
The Constitution was imposed by U.S. military occupation (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) to prevent rearmament of Japan in the post–World War II period. [1] This condition was a similar prohibition placed on post-war Germany, to be overseen by the United Kingdom, after World War I.
The Oath was reiterated as the first article of the constitution promulgated in June 1868, and the subsequent articles of that constitution expand the policies outlined in the Oath. [10] Almost eighty years later, in the wake of the Second World War , Emperor Shōwa paid homage to the Oath and reaffirmed it as the basis of "national polity" in ...
The pre-war Meiji Constitution defined Hirohito as "sacred" and all-powerful, but according to Whitehead, Hirohito's power was limited by ministers and the military. Whitehead explained after World War II that Hirohito's humility was fundamental for the Japanese people to accept the new 1947 constitution and allied occupation. [157]
The GI war against Japan : American soldiers in Asia and the Pacific during World War II. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814798164. Sugita, Yoneyuki (2003). Pitfall or Panacea: The Irony of U.S. Power in Occupied Japan, 1945–1952. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-94752-9.. Takemae, Eiji (2002).