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  2. Instance (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance_(computer_science)

    In computer science, an instance is an occurrence of a software element that is based on a type definition. When created, an occurrence is said to have been instantiated , and both the creation process and the result of creation are called instantiation .

  3. Process (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

    For instance in a shell pipeline, the output of the first process needs to pass to the second one, and so on. Another example is a task that has been decomposed into cooperating but partially independent processes which can run simultaneously (i.e., using concurrency, or true parallelism – the latter model is a particular case of concurrent ...

  4. Process state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_state

    A ready queue or run queue is used in computer scheduling. Modern computers are capable of running many different programs or processes at the same time. However, the CPU is only capable of handling one process at a time. Processes that are ready for the CPU are kept in a queue for "ready" processes. Other processes that are waiting for an ...

  5. Concurrent computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_computing

    For example, concurrent processes can be executed on one core by interleaving the execution steps of each process via time-sharing slices: only one process runs at a time, and if it does not complete during its time slice, it is paused, another process begins or resumes, and then later the original process is resumed. In this way, multiple ...

  6. Execution (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)

    Execution in computer and software engineering is the process by which a computer or virtual machine interprets and acts on the instructions of a computer program.Each instruction of a program is a description of a particular action which must be carried out, in order for a specific problem to be solved.

  7. Virtual machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine

    The "guest" operating system environments share the same running instance of the operating system as the host system. Thus, the same operating system kernel is also used to implement the "guest" environments, and applications running in a given "guest" environment view it as a stand-alone system.

  8. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

    Providing a static method that returns a reference to the instance; The instance is usually stored as a private static variable; the instance is created when the variable is initialized, at some point before when the static method is first called. This C++23 implementation is based on the pre-C++98 implementation in the book [citation needed].

  9. Process management (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_management_(computing)

    RUNNING → READY: The most common reason for this transition is that the running process has reached the maximum allowable time for uninterrupted execution; i.e. time-out occurs. Other reasons can be the imposition of priority levels as determined by the scheduling policy used for the Low Level Scheduler , and the arrival of a higher priority ...