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Desiccation can enhance the ripening of a crop. With sugarcane, for example, glyphosate application increases sucrose concentration before harvest. [9] With grains, for example, as a consequence of crop plant uniformity as noted above, grain ripeness can be made more uniform through the same process.
Glyphosate is also used for crop desiccation to increase harvest yield and uniformity. [57] Glyphosate itself is not a chemical desiccant; rather crop desiccants are so named because application just before harvest kills the crop plants so that the food crop dries from normal environmental conditions ("dry-down") more quickly and evenly.
Glyphosate is also being detected in wildlife, with long term effects unknown. For example a study published in 2021 detected glyphosate in 55% of sampled Florida manatees’ plasma, with blood levels increasing significantly from 2009 until 2019. In the same study, glyphosate was ubiquitous in surface water samples. [106]
Monsanto also produced seeds which grow into plants genetically engineered to be tolerant to glyphosate, which are known as Roundup Ready crops. The genes contained in these seeds are patented. Such crops allow farmers to use glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide against most broadleaf and cereal weeds.
Glyphosate had been first prepared in the 1950s but its herbicidal activity was only recognized in the 1960s. It was marketed as Roundup in 1971. [17] The development of glyphosate-resistant crop plants, it is now used very extensively for selective weed control in growing crops.
Two examples of desiccation-resistant plants are Ramonda and Haberlea. [clarification needed] To test the changes in sucrose levels, Müller et al. put these species into three scenarios then recorded the percent of sucrose in dry weight. [5] As a control, plants were watered daily for 10 days, in these plants sucrose made up ~2% of the dry weight.
The US EPA limits N-nitrosoglyphosate impurity to a maximum of 1 ppm in glyphosate formulated products. [1] N -Nitrosoglyphosate can also form from the reaction of nitrates and glyphosate. Formation of N -nitrosoglyphosate has been observed in soils treated with sodium nitrite and glyphosate at elevated levels, though formation in soil is not ...
In botany, drought tolerance is the ability by which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. [1] [2] [3] Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. [3]