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  2. Venous return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_return

    Skeletal muscle pump: Rhythmical contractions of limb muscles as occurs during normal activity such as walking, running, and swimming, promotes venous return.; Decreased venous capacitance: Sympathetic activation of veins decreases venous compliance, increases vasomotor tone, increases central venous pressure and promotes venous return indirectly by augmenting cardiac output through the Frank ...

  3. Compliance (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compliance_(physiology)

    Veins have a much higher compliance than arteries (largely due to their thinner walls.) Veins which are abnormally compliant can be associated with edema. Pressure stockings are sometimes used to externally reduce compliance, and thus keep blood from pooling in the legs.

  4. Hemodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodynamics

    Veins are described as the "capacitance vessels" of the body because over 70% of the blood volume resides in the venous system. Veins are more compliant than arteries and expand to accommodate changing volume. [31]

  5. Intravascular volume status - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravascular_volume_status

    Intravascular volume depletion is divided into three types based on the blood sodium level: Isonatremic (normal blood sodium levels) Example: a child with diarrhea, because both water and sodium are lost in diarrhea. Hyponatremic (abnormally low blood sodium levels). Example: a child with diarrhea who has been given tap water to replete ...

  6. Kussmaul's sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kussmaul's_sign

    With cardiac tamponade, jugular veins are distended and typically show a prominent x descent and an absent y descent as opposed to patients with constrictive pericarditis (prominent x and y descent); see Beck's triad. [1] Other possible causes of Kussmaul's sign include: [2] [citation needed] Right ventricular infarction - low ventricular ...

  7. Skeletal muscle pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle_pump

    When moving upright, the blood volume moves to the peripheral parts of the body. To combat this, the muscles involved in standing contract and help to bring venous blood volume to the heart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The pump is important in affecting the central and local supply of blood output. [ 3 ]

  8. Mean systemic pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_systemic_pressure

    Mean systemic pressure increases if there is an increase in blood volume or if there is a decrease in venous compliance (where blood is shifted from the veins to the arteries). An increase in mean systemic pressure is reflected in a shift of the vascular function curve to the right. Mean systemic pressure is decreased by a decrease in blood ...

  9. Effective arterial blood volume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_Arterial_Blood...

    Normal EABV exists when the ratio of cardiac output to peripheral resistance maintains venous return and cardiac output at normal levels. EABV can be reduced, therefore, by factors which reduce actual arterial blood volume (hemorrhage, dehydration), increase arterial vascular capacitance (cirrhosis, sepsis) or reduce cardiac output (congestive ...