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The renminbi (RMB, also known as Chinese yuan; ISO code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. [1] Although it is not a freely convertible currency , and has an official exchange rate , the CNY plays an important role in the world economy and international trade .
For most of its early history, the renminbi was pegged to the U.S. dollar at ¥2.46 per USD. During the 1970s it was revalued, until it reached ¥1.50 per USD in 1980. Its value gradually declined as China embarked on a new economic course during Deng Xiaoping's leadership and transformed into a more market-based capitalistic economy. [6] [7]
With Chinese companies unable to hold US dollars and foreign companies unable to hold Chinese yuan, all transactions would go through the People's Bank of China. Once the sum was paid by the foreign party in dollars, the central bank would pass the settlement in renminbi to the Chinese company at the state-controlled exchange rate.
Meanwhile, the Chinese yuan — which many think is the biggest threat to the dollar — accounted for just 2.37% of reserves in the same period, with a high proportion of that being held by ...
"Silver Dragon" yuan coin, 1904. 5-yuan note from a private bank, 1906. 5-yuan note of the Republic of China (1941) Taiwanese note for 10,000 yuan (1949) The yuan (/ j uː ˈ ɑː n,-æ n / yoo-A(H)N; sign: ¥; Chinese: 圓/元; pinyin: yuán; ⓘ) is the base unit of a number of former and present-day currencies throughout China.
The Chinese National Currency (CNC), [1] often transliterated as fapi [2] or fabi [a] [3] or translated as Legal Tender Note, [4] was the currency of China between 1935 and 1948. [4] [3] Introduced in the 1935 currency reform, the currency was initially issued by the Central Bank, the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications and later the Farmer's Bank of China.
After World War II the United States-administered Okinawa issued a higher-valued currency called the B yen from 1946 to 1958, which was then replaced by the U.S. dollar at the rate of $1 = 120 B yen. Upon the reversion of Okinawa to Japan in 1972 the Japanese yen then replaced the dollar.
[14]: 8 The Gold Yuan Certificate replaced the fabi at the rate of 1 gold yuan = 3 million yuan fabi = US$0.25. The gold yuan was nominally set at 222.17 milligrams (1 ⁄ 140 ozt) of gold. Despite the implication of "gold" yuan, the currency was not backed by gold. [14]: 173 The gold yuan failed with greater speed than the fabi had.