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There are a number of openings in the diaphragm through which structures pass between the thorax and abdomen. There are three large openings — one for the aorta (aortic hiatus), [2] one for the esophagus (esophageal hiatus), and one for the inferior vena cava (the caval opening), [8] as well as a series of smaller openings. [12] [13]
The aorta is situated on the left, the thoracic duct in the middle, and the azygos vein on the right. [1]: 185 The hemiazygos vein may pass through the aortic hiatus [2] or may pass through the diaphragm independently through its own foramen in the left crus.
The esophageal hiatus is an oval opening [1] in (sources differ) the right crus of the diaphragm [1] /left crus of the diaphragm, with fibres of the right crus looping around the hiatus to form a sling (upon inspiration, this sling would constrict the esophagus, forming a functional (not anatomical) sphincter that prevents gastric contents from refluxing up the esophagus when intra-abdominal ...
There are two openings of the thoracic cavity, a superior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic inlet and a lower inferior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic outlet. The thoracic cavity includes the tendons as well as the cardiovascular system which could be damaged from injury to the back, spine or the neck.
The caval opening of diaphragm [2] (also foramen of vena cava, [1] vena caval foramen [3] [1]) is an opening in the central tendon of diaphragm giving passage to the inferior vena cava [2] [3] as well as to some terminal [2] branches of [2] [1] the right phrenic nerve, [2] [3] and some lymphatic vessels en route to middle phrenic and mediastinal lymph nodes. [2]
The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing. It is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, so that its center moves caudally (downward) and its edges move cranially (upward).
Image credits: Alex Daniel Since this list contains odd facts about nature and animals, here’s one about a frog that can glide through the air. If you haven’t heard about the Wallace’s ...
The thoracic duct traverses the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus [3] to enter the posterior mediastinum. [3] Posterior mediastinum. It ascends the posterior mediastinum between the descending thoracic aorta (to its left) and the azygos vein (to its right), [4] and is situated posterior to the esophagus at the T7 vertebral level. It crosses the ...