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The second class of high-temperature superconductors in the practical classification is the iron-based compounds. [8] [9] Magnesium diboride is sometimes included in high-temperature superconductors: It is relatively simple to manufacture, but it superconducts only below 39 K (−234.2 °C), which makes it unsuitable for liquid nitrogen cooling.
From about 1993, the highest-temperature superconductor known was a ceramic material consisting of mercury, barium, calcium, copper and oxygen (HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ) with T c = 133–138 K. [61] [62] In February 2008, an iron-based family of high-temperature superconductors was discovered.
Most commonly, conventional superconductors such as niobium–titanium are used, [1] but high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO are entering the market. Superconducting wire's advantages over copper or aluminum include higher maximum current densities and zero power dissipation.
The suburban Long Island electrical substation is fed by a 2,000 foot (600 m) underground cable system which consists of about 99 miles (159 km) of high-temperature superconductor wire manufactured by American Superconductor chilled to −371 °F (−223.9 °C; 49.3 K) with liquid nitrogen, [dubious – discuss] greatly reducing the cost ...
The unit cell of high-temperature cuprate superconductor BSCCO-2212. Cuprates are layered materials, consisting of superconducting planes of copper oxide, separated by layers containing ions such as lanthanum, barium, strontium, which act as a charge reservoir, doping electrons or holes into the copper-oxide planes.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors. X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
Decades after the discovery of superconductors in 1911, scientists figured out that materials (usually metalloids or alloys) needed to be close to absolute zero to exhibit these exciting properties.
High-temperature superconductors are copper oxide based superconductors which often have critical temperatures higher than 77 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Pages in category "High-temperature superconductors"