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A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives .
Autonomic drugs are substances that can either inhibit or enhance the functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. This type of drug can be used to treat a wide range of diseases an disorders, including glaucoma, asthma, and disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal and circulatory systems.
Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine ), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones .
There are no known contraindication to the use of dexmedetomidine. It has a biphasic effect on blood pressure with lower readings at lower drug concentrations and higher readings at higher concentrations. [32] Common side effects include: hypotension, hypertension, with slight decreases in heart rate, arrhythmias, and hypoxia.
However, the serotonin receptor antagonism has side effects such as weight gain and impaired movement. [11] Hence, alpha-2 blockers are not used clinically due to its extensive binding. Similar to the alpha-1 blocker, the alpha-2 family will also present the first-dose effect , but it is generally less pronounced compared with the alpha-1 blockers.
Trimetaphan camsilate or trimethaphan camsylate (), trade name Arfonad, is a sympatholytic drug used in rare circumstances to lower blood pressure.. Trimetaphan is a ganglionic blocker: it counteracts cholinergic transmission at a specific type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous ...
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), 6.8 million adults have GAD. Other anxiety disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic ...
Memantine, sold under the brand name Namenda among others, is a medication used to slow the progression of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. [10] [11] [8] It is taken by mouth. [10] [8] Common side effects include headache, constipation, sleepiness, and dizziness. [10] [11] Severe side effects may include blood clots, psychosis, and heart ...