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Generally, the maximum safe operating temperature of a mineral oil bath is approximately 160 °C (320 °F), the oil's flash point. Mineral oil cannot be used above 310 °C (590 °F) due to the compound's boiling point. If higher temperatures are needed, a silicone oil or a sand bath may be used instead.
This is achieved using a high-boiling point liquid inside a thermally conducting bath (usually made of metal). Water and silicone oil are the most commonly used fluids. A water bath is used for temperatures up to 100 °C. An oil bath is employed for temperatures over up to and above 100 °C.
A silicone oil is any liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains. The most important member is polydimethylsiloxane . These polymers are of commercial interest because of their relatively high thermal stability and their lubricating properties.
Water is the most common heat transfer fluid because of its economy, high heat capacity and favorable transport properties. However, the useful temperature range is restricted by freezing below 0 °C and boiling at elevated temperatures depending on the system pressure. Antifreeze additives can alleviate the freezing problem to some extent ...
The oil level is a little low now to compensate for expansion when heating commences. The Thiele tube, named after the German chemist Johannes Thiele, is a laboratory glassware designed to contain and heat an oil bath. Such a setup is commonly used in the determination of the melting point or boiling point of a substance.
The rubbery, vinegary-smelling silicone caulks, adhesives, and aquarium sealants are also well-known. PDMS is also used as a component in silicone grease and other silicone based lubricants, as well as in defoaming agents, mold release agents, damping fluids, heat transfer fluids, polishes, cosmetics, hair conditioners and other applications.