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The irrigation works in ancient Sri Lanka were some of the most complex irrigation systems of the ancient world. The earliest examples of irrigation works in Sri Lanka date from about 430 BCE, during the reign of King Pandukabhaya , and were under continuous development for the next thousand years.
Sri Lanka irrigation engineers of this period were supposedly summoned or hired by other kingdoms for their expertise. [12] Nachchaduwa reservoir, located just outside Anuradhapura, is thought to be one of the 16 large reservoirs built by King Mahasena (276–303 CE).
The sector contributes about 25% of the Pakistan's GNP (2000-2001). [8] The country still has the world's largest contiguous irrigation system. [9] In 1999-2000, the total irrigated area in Pakistan was 181,000 km². [10] Water is also essential for power generation in Pakistan, since about 29% is generated through hydropower. [11]
Warabandi is an Urdu word that combines wahr ("turn") and bandi ("fixed)"; [2] [3] the term means rotation of water supply according to a fixed schedule. [4] [3] The Warabandi system can allocate the same volume of water to each farmer on a rotational basis, according to the regular and approved time schedule, which includes the day supply will start and how long the water runs.
A tank cascade is a system of irrigation tanks in single or multiple chains where water from a higher tank flows into lower tanks. Examples of tank cascades include Sri Lanka's tank cascade system , [ 6 ] the Indian city of Bangalore's cascading lakes in the Varthur lake series, [ 7 ] and the Indian city of Madurai 's Vandiyur tank cascade system.
The development of the nation's water resources and irrigation infrastructure The management of river basins, groundwater sources and irrigation systems a by operation and/or maintenance Conservation and protection of sources of water (groundwater included), including monitoring pollution levels and ensuring water quality, as well as preventing ...
Irrigation is the artificial exploitation and distribution of water at project level aiming at application of water at field level to agricultural crops [1] in dry areas or in periods of scarce rainfall to assure or improve crop production. [2] This article discusses organizational forms and means of management of irrigation water at project level.
Surface irrigation involves a significantly lower capital cost and energy requirement than pressurised irrigation systems. Hence it is often the irrigation choice for developing nations, for low value crops and for large fields. Where water levels from the irrigation source permit, the levels are controlled by dikes , usually plugged by soil ...