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More than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. [2] Along with beta blockers and digoxin, calcium channel blockers have one of the highest rates of death in overdose. [2] These medications first became available in the 1970s and 1980s. [2]
Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation; Peripheral edema, which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation.
The side effects could be severe dizziness, fast heartbeat, and swelling of face, lips, tongue, eyelids, hands and feet. Lesser side effects include stomach pain, diarrhea and hypotension. Peripheral edema , a common side effect from the use of amlodipine , was reduced when patients were shifted to cilnidipine.
Isradipine (tradenames DynaCirc, Prescal) is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure in order to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack. It was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in 1989. [1]
It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. [2] Nifedipine is taken by mouth and comes in fast- and slow-release formulations. [2] Common side effects include lightheadedness, headache, feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath. [2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure. [2]
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
As a medication it is used to treat low blood sugar, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose, and those with anaphylaxis who do not improve with epinephrine. [10] It is given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. [10] A version given in the nose is also available. [11] Common side effects include vomiting. [10]
The mechanism by which ethosuximide affects neuronal excitability includes block of T-type calcium channels, and may include effects of the drug on other classes of ion channel. The primary finding that ethosuximide is a T-type calcium channel blocker gained widespread support, but initial attempts to replicate the finding were inconsistent.