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Speleogenesis is the origin and development of caves, the primary process that determines essential features of the hydrogeology of karst and guides its evolution. It often deals with the development of caves through limestone, caused by the presence of water with carbon dioxide dissolved within it, producing carbonic acid which permits the dissociation of the calcium carbonate in the limestone.
A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is a cave usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone (Calcium carbonate CaCO 3). It is the most frequently occurring type of cave. It can also form in other rocks, including chalk, dolomite, marble, salt beds, and gypsum. [1]
In this case the cave is used like a hose by the higher elevated recharge area of groundwater to exit through the lower elevation opening. Non-artesian springs may simply flow from a higher elevation through the earth to a lower elevation and exit in the form of a spring, using the ground like a drainage pipe.
A speleothem (/ ˈ s p iː l i ə θ ɛ m /; from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. [1] Speleothems most commonly form in calcareous caves due to carbonate dissolution reactions. They can take a ...
Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's surface. [1] Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock shelters). Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves ...
Groundwater is fresh water located in the subsurface pore space of soil and rocks.It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.Sometimes it is useful to make a distinction between groundwater that is closely associated with surface water, and deep groundwater in an aquifer (called "fossil water" if it infiltrated into the ground millennia ago [8]).
The newsletter then detailed 20 caves of note in Berkeley County, W.Va., including several near Williamsport and Hancock. George described each cave’s entrance location, known passages and ...
When this groundwater then emerges into a cave with a lower concentration of CO 2, some of the CO 2 escapes, allowing calcium carbonate to precipitate and build up stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems. [27] [28] Volcanic activity is the source of carbon dioxide in groundwater that emerges from hot springs.