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The discovery of the first cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s helped to resolve this debate. [10] These receptors are common in animals. Two known cannabinoid receptors are termed CB 1 and CB 2, [11] with mounting evidence of more. [12] The human brain has more cannabinoid receptors than any other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) type. [13]
“The cannabinoid system is widespread in the brain, so modulating cannabinoid function with products like THC could have a wide range of possible effects. We wanted to better understand which ...
The existence of cannabinoid receptors in the brain was discovered from in vitro studies in the 1980s, with the receptor designated as the cannabinoid receptor type 1 or CB1. [14] [15] The DNA sequence that encodes a G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor in the human brain was identified and cloned in 1990.
Upon heating, cannabinoid acids decarboxylate to give their psychoactive cannabinoid. For example, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound found in cannabis and is responsible for the "high" feeling when consumed. However, cannabis does not naturally contain significant amounts of THC.
Cannabidiol may be an antagonist of GPR55, a G protein-coupled receptor and putative non-homologous CB 3 cannabinoid receptor shown by in vitro studies to be widely distributed in the brain. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Cannabidiol may interact with various neurotransmitters , such as serotonin , dopamine , and GABA .
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. [5] And discovered, by determination and characterization in 1988, [6] and cloned in 1990 for the first time. [7] [8] [9] The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. [5]
Hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP, sometimes mistakenly referred to as hexahydroxycannabiphorol) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derivative which has been marketed since around 2021. [1] [2] It is believed to be made from the hydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP). THCP is only reported as a trace component of cannabis in 2019. [3]
In vitro, CBG has identified pharmacodynamic actions and its mechanism of action appears to be from interactions with multiple targets. [1] [2] [3]CBG is a weak ligand of the cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors with affinities (K i) of 380–2,600 nM and 153–3,460 nM, respectively.