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Similarly, in Eastern Europe it was called "the malady of palaces". In France, the association of syphilis with court life was responsible for the term mal de cour, which usage lasted into modern times. The Rouen physician Jacques de Béthencourt (1477–ca. 1527) similarly observed that syphilis was known there as "the disease of the magnates".
As of 2013, 24 countries in Europe required sterilization for legal gender recognition and 16 countries did not provide for any possibility to change legal gender at all, which meant that transgender people could have challenges applying for jobs, opening bank accounts, boarding planes, or may not be able to do these things at all. [6]
Reproductive sterilisation of men (vasectomy) is legal in Poland, while other sterilization methods have been defined as a criminal act since 1997 [9]: 19 and remains so as of 5 September 2019, under Article 156 §1, which also covers making someone blind, deaf or mute, of the 1997 law.
In 2022 France began to introduce free birth control to women between the ages of 18 and 25 years in order to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies in the age group. [4] The French government will provide access to birth control pills, intrauterine devices, contraceptive patches and injectable birth control. [5]
Starting in the 1880s, birth rates began to drop steadily in the industrialized countries, as women married later and families in urban living conditions increasingly favoured having fewer children. This trend was particularly acute in the United Kingdom, where birth rates declined from almost 35.5 births per 1,000 in the 1870s to about 29 per ...
Madrigal vs. Quilligan continues to be taught in universities and retold in academic books as a cautionary tale, its plaintiffs hailed as reproductive-rights heroines.
2001 – The ten-week limit on abortion in France was extended to the twelfth week. [121] 2001 – Minors are no longer required to have parental consent for abortion in France. A pregnant girl in France under the age of 18 may ask for an abortion without consulting her parents if she is accompanied to the clinic by an adult of her choice, who ...
This is a portrait of Joseph Lister, who was the first doctor to begin to sterilize his surgical gauze. The first advances in wound care in this era began with the work of Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, a Hungarian obstetrician who discovered how hand washing and cleanliness in general in medical procedures prevents maternal deaths.