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The adhesion railway relies on a combination of friction and weight to start a train. The heaviest trains require the highest friction and the heaviest locomotive. The friction can vary a great deal, but it was known on early railways that sand helped, and it is still used today, even on locomotives with modern traction controls.
These include simple rail adhesion, rack railways and cable inclines (including rail mounted water tanks to carry barges). To help with braking on the descent, a non-load-bearing "brake rail" located between the running rails can be used, similar to the rail used in the Fell system, e.g. by the Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man.
Drag equation; Factor of adhesion, which is simply the weight on the locomotive's driving wheels divided by the starting tractive effort; Power classification – British Railways and London, Midland and Scottish railway classification scheme; Rail adhesion; Tractor pulling, bollard pull – articles relating to tractive effort for other forms ...
Diagram of the longitudinal coefficient of adhesion (fx) in function of the speed and the weather conditions for the asphalt: A) dry asphalt B) Asphalt drainage in wet conditions C) Asphalt in wet conditions D) Snow E) Ice Change cross tack (Fy) average during the seasons (represented numerically from 1 to 12) and with different road surfaces.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Bearing – Mechanism to constrain relative movement to the desired motion and reduce frictions; Contact mechanics – Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other (Linear) elasticity – Physical property when materials or objects return to original shape after ...
To compensate for this, the gradient should be a little less steep the sharper the curve is; the necessary grade reduction is assumed to be given by a simple formula such as 0.04 per cent per "degree of curve", the latter being a measure of curve sharpness used in the United States. On a 10-degree curve (radius 573.7 feet) the grade would thus ...
A variation of the Nadal formula, which does take these factors into consideration, is the Wagner formula. As the wheelset yaws relative to the rail, the vertical force V is no longer completely vertical, but is now acting at an angle to the vertical, β. When this angle is factored into the Nadal formula, the result is the Wagner formula: [3]
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Adhesive surface forces – Molecular property; Bearing capacity – Capacity of soil to support loads; Collision – Instance of two or more bodies physically contacting each other within a short period of time; Contact dynamics – Motion of multibody systems