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Another way that this bias can be introduced is through the wording of questions in a survey or questionnaire. [1] Certain topics or the wording of a question may drive participants to respond in an extreme manner, especially if it relates to the motivations or beliefs of the participant.
The respondent does not access any internal cognitive resources concerning the construct of interest for the question. A mechanism of selecting an appropriate answer may instead involve interpreting external cues such as question-wording. Following the social convention of agreeing is one alternative mechanism that would lead to Acquiescence ...
A biased question or questionnaire encourages respondents to answer one way rather than another. [20] Even questions without bias may leave respondents with expectations. The order or grouping of questions is also relevant; early questions may bias later questions. Loaded questions evoke emotional responses and may skew results.
Complex question techniques may reduce social-desirability bias, but may also be confusing or misunderstood by respondents. Beyond specific techniques, social-desirability bias may be reduced by neutral question and prompt wording.
Jay Ashcroft used wording bias to describe proposed ballot measures on abortion. From our readers: Ashcroft’s failed attempt to mislead the public reflects a major problem in the United States
Bias implies that the data selection may have been skewed by the collection criteria. Other forms of human-based bias emerge in data collection as well such as response bias, in which participants give inaccurate responses to a question. Bias does not preclude the existence of any other mistakes.
The sample is selected to approximately match the joint distribution of age, race, gender, and education in the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). This is a purposive, rather than random, method of selection, designed to eliminate selection bias and non-coverage of the target population in the panel from which respondents were drawn.
Not only is the wording nearly indecipherable, the questions only explain what a “Yes” vote will do. That will bias voters into selecting “Yes.” If lawmakers wanted a fair election, a ...