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It is the most widely used "genetic background" for genetically modified mice for use as models of human disease. They are the most widely used and best-selling mouse strain due to the availability of congenic strains, easy breeding, and robustness. [1] The median lifespan of C57BL/6 mice is 27–29 months and the maximum lifespan is about 36 ...
MHC-based sexual selection is known to involve olfactory mechanisms in such vertebrate taxa as fish, mice, humans, primates, birds, and reptiles. [1] At its simplest level, humans have long been acquainted with the sense of olfaction for its use in determining the pleasantness or the unpleasantness of one's resources, food, etc.
In Europe, M. m. domesticus lives in Western and Southern Europe, while another subspecies, the Eastern European house mouse (M. m. musculus) lives in Eastern and Northern Europe. [2]
In 1921, C57BL became one of the most widely used mice in genetics and was the first strain to have its genome sequenced. In 1982, Palmiter and Brinster implanted a foreign gene into fertilized egg , finally generating the first transgenic mice genetically engineered to express dominant oncogenes.
The MHC gene family is divided into three subgroups: MHC class I, MHC class II, and MHC class III. Among all those genes present in MHC, there are two types of genes coding for the proteins MHC class I molecules and MHC class II molecules that are directly involved in the antigen presentation .
The discovery of the MHC and role of histocompatibility in transplantation was a combined effort of many scientists in the 20th century. A genetic basis for transplantation rejection was proposed in a 1914 Nature paper by C.C. Little and Ernest Tyyzer, which showed that tumors transplanted between genetically identical mice grew normally, but tumors transplanted between non-identical mice were ...
Peptides that fail to bind MHC class I molecules in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are removed from the ER via the sec61 channel into the cytosol, [16] [17] where they might undergo further trimming in size, and might be translocated by TAP back into ER for binding to a MHC class I molecule.
He developed the modern concept of the Mhc as consisting of two principal kinds of gene, for which he coined the designations class I and class II genes. The class I genes were discovered in 1936 (the year Jan Klein was born) as coding for blood group (red blood cell) antigens , which, however, were also responsible for the rejection of ...